Abstract The pandemic caused by coronavirus has resonated throughout different levels of health care in Brazil and, in this context, the present research aimed to evaluate this impact on tertiary dental care provided by the Unified Health System (SUS). Therefore, an ecological study was conducted with data obtained from the Hospital Information System processed by the Portal of the Department of Informatics of SUS. The sample consisted of patients of all sexes and age groups, whose Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIHs) were approved for dental tertiary care procedures from January 2015 to December 2020. Descriptive analyses and the ANOVA test with a significance level set at p < 0.05 were used. When the annual mean numbers of AIHs approved were evaluated, findings showed that on an average, the Southeast region authorized a higher number of procedures (p-value < 0.001), however, in the pandemic year (2020), a reduction of approximately 24.5% of these hospitalizations occurred throughout Brazil, with the Midwest being the region most affected (32.12%). A percentage increase occurred in the Surgical Treatment of Oral sinus/Oral nasal Fistula (16.1%), in addition to a significant decrease in performing procedures for Resection of Mouth Lesion (33.4%). In the pandemic year, there was a reduction of 14% in expenditures related to hospital services and 23.26% related to professional services. It was concluded that the data presented demonstrated a significant reduction in AIHs for tertiary dental care in the pandemic year.

This study focused on the effects of different peak (austenitizing) temperatures (Tp) over the martensite start temperature (Ms) and its influence on the final residual stresses after welding simulation. For this purpose, the expansion coefficients obtained through physical (dilatometric) simulations of a high-strength low-alloy steel were considered for three peak temperatures: 1300 °C, 1150 °C, and 920 °C and a cooling rate of 25 °C/s. Aiming at clarifying the physical phenomenon behind GTAW welding, one carried out nonlinear transient thermomechanical finite-element (FE) analyses to reconstitute the welding process and simulate the subsequent formation of residual stresses in the HAZ. Once the heat source simulation was calibrated, four material models were created, one for each Tp, and a fourth model considering a constant expansion coefficient, without considering the martensite transformation for comparison. A Three-bar model was evaluated to isolate the effects of Tp (Ms) in the residual stresses. A composite plate model was also considered, in which the sheet HAZ was subdivided according to the reached peak temperature, and the respective material models were applied. The results show the importance of martensite transformation on the welding-induced residual stress and a clear trend of decreasing tensions with lowering the Tp, especially over HAZ.

ABSTRACT Species of Stemphylium genus are responsible for many plant diseases, as solanaceas in which stemphylium leaf blight, which productivity of these crops can be negatively affected due lacking in available fungicides. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine a culture medium that would allow of Stemphylium sp. mycelial growth isolated from onion for a later evaluation of melaleuca oil (M. alternifolia) effect under different in vitro concentrations. For this, in the first test eight culture media were tested: Potato-Dextrose-Agar (PDA); Juice V-8® 5% Agar; V-8® Juice 10% Agar; Juice V-8® Agar 20%; Tomato Juice 5% (ST5%); Tomato Juice 10% (ST10%); Tomato Juice 20% (ST20%) and Malt Extract Agar 2%. At ten days and fifteen days, the highest growth was identified with treatments ST20% and PDA and, conversely, treatments V8-5% and V8-10% the lowest growth. In the second trial, melaleuca oil was tested in five concentrations (0; 0, 2; 0,4; 0,6 and 0,8%) diluted in PDA and the MGR (mycelial growth rate) was determined. The melaleuca essential oil reduced the Stemphylium sp. mycelial growth with better fit to the quadratic equation y=28,074x2 - 46,136x + 19,94. The MGR was reduced by the oil added to culture medium and could represent a promising alternative for this pathogen control.

RESUMO Espécies do gênero Stemphylium são responsáveis por uma série de doenças de plantas, como as solanáceas, com destaque para a queima-de-estenfílio, que afeta a produtividade de culturas carentes em fungicidas disponíveis. Diante disso, propôs-se com esse trabalho a determinação de um meio de cultura que viabilizasse o crescimento micelial de Stemphylium sp. isolado de cebola para posterior avaliação do efeito do óleo de melaleuca (M. alternifolia), sob diferentes concentrações in vitro, no desenvolvimento desse patógeno. Para isso, no primeiro ensaio foram testados oito meios de cultura: Batata-Dextrose-Ágar (BDA); Suco V-8® Ágar a 5%; Suco V-8® Ágar a 10%; Suco V-8® Ágar a 20%; Suco de Tomate a 5% (ST5%); Suco de Tomate a 10% (ST10%); Suco de Tomate a 20% (ST20%) e Extrato de Malte Ágar 2%. Aos 10 dias e aos 15 dias o maior crescimento foi identificado com os tratamentos ST20% e BDA e opostamente, os tratamentos V8-5% e V8-10% o menor crescimento. No segundo ensaio, o óleo de melaleuca foi testado em cinco concentrações (0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 e 0,8%) diluído em BDA e se determinou o IVCM (índice de velocidade do crescimento micelial). O óleo essencial de melaleuca reduziu significativamente o crescimento micelial de Stemphylium sp. com melhor ajuste à equação quadrática y = 28,074x2 - 46,136x + 19,94. Conclui-se que o meio de cultura ST20% proporcionou o maior crescimento in vitro e que o óleo de melaleuca adicionado ao meio de cultura nas concentrações de 0,6 e 0,8% foram capazes de reduzir o IVCM, podendo representar alternativa promissora para o controle deste patógeno.

The usefulness of molecularly imprinted polymer assisted paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (MIP-PSI-MS) for the determination of methamphetamine in urine has been demonstrated. MIP-PSI-MS is a method in which a MIP is synthesized on the surface of a paper, producing a chemically selective paper surface with molecular recognition sites for a target analyte. The analyte is extracted by the MIP substrate, which is posteriorly used for conventional PSI-MS analysis. As methamphetamine is one of the most widely used drugs of abuse in the world, it was selected to be studied in synthetic urine by the MIP-PSI-MS method. Methamphetamine was detected at higher ion signals compared to other different drugs, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and cocaine, suggesting that MIP-PSI-MS has a chemical affinity for methamphetamine. In experiments to validate the method, a linear calibration curve was achieved with R-squared (R2) > 0.99. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.8 and 2.8 µg L-1, respectively. Precision (relative standard deviation) and accuracy (relative error) were less than 10%, and the recoveries were close to 100%. The matrix effect was below 10%. These data demonstrate the possibility of using MIP-PSI-MS as an analytical tool for a specific/selective analysis of methamphetamine in forensic sciences.

resumo – Este artigo é uma atualização da revisão sistemática sobre Active Play publicada em 2018 por Mendes et al. Esta revisão sistemática incluiu estudos publicados entre 2018 até 2019. A busca de potenciais artigos foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: Pubmed / Medline, Web of Science, Bireme, Scielo e Scopus. Inicialmente, 471 artigos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Porém, após análise aprofundada, apenas dois estudos permaneceram e foram incluídos na presente revisão. Destes artigos, apenas um apresentou informações individuais sobre a atividade física entre adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos de idade de Curitiba-PR e revelou que 77,2% deles eram fisicamente ativos no tempo livre. O outro estudo foi sobre as preferências por atividades de lazer entre adolescentes de Florianópolis-SC avaliados nos anos de 2001 e 2011. Este apresentou redução significativa na preferência pela prática de atividades físicas, enquanto o contrário foi observado para atividades sedentárias, como assistir TV, jogar videogame e usar o computador. Esses resultados, juntamente com as inconsistências nos pontos de corte do domínio active play entre os países envolvidos na Matriz Global 3.0, deixaram claro a necessidade de uma definição padrão e de uma ferramenta adequada para medi-la.

abstract – This paper is an update of the systematic review on Active Play published in 2018 by Mendes et al. This systematic review included studies published between 2018 and 2019. The search for potential articles was performed on the following electronic databases: Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Bireme, Scielo and Scopus. Initially, 471 papers met the eligibility criteria. However, after deeply analyzed, only two studies remained and were included in the present review. From these articles only one presented individual information on play activity among adolescents age (12-17 years) from Curitiba-PR and it reveals that 77,2% of them were physically active in their free time. The other study included was about the preferences for leisure activities among adolescents from Florianopolis-SC participants in two cross sectional studies in 2001 and 2011. It showed a significant reduction in the preferences for practicing physical activities, while the opposite occurs with sedentary activities like watching TV, playing video games, and using computers. These results along with the inconsistencies in benchmarks of the domain active play among countries involved in the Global Matrix 3.0 made clear the necessity of a standard definition and a proper tool to measure it.

Determination of two drugs of abuse in saliva has been performed by Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (PSI-MS) using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) coated paper as substrate. The method has been optimized for quantification of 3,4-methylenedioxy- N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) from synthetic saliva samples. Rapid analysis (~ 1 min) of designer drugs in saliva is demonstrated using MIP-PSI-MS. Both precursor ions of MDMA and MDA were confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments by elucidating the fragmentation patterns formed via collisioninduced dissociation (CID). The MIP-PSI-MS method showed greater selectivity for MDMA and MDA in comparison with other analytes. Signal intensity ratios of the most important transitions for MDMA (194 →163) and MDA (180 →163) were found linear (R > 0,99) in the range 25-500 µg L-1. The LOD and LOQ for MDMA were 1.11 µg L-1 and 18.73 µg L-1, respectively, and for MDA were 3.42 µg L-1 and 21.66 µg L-1, respectively. The precision and accuracy values were determined below 4%, and the recoveries about 100%, without pre-concentration/enrichment or separation steps. The MIP-PSI-MS method displays the potential for rapid screening for selective quantitative determination of illicit drugs in saliva samples.

Abstract Osteoporosis is an insidious and increasingly prevalent disease that can cause fractures and affect patients’ quality of life. The current study comparatively evaluates patients with and without loss of bone mass in terms of salivary calcium, viscosity, and pH. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of 32 postmenopausal women subjected to a bone densitometry scan and later referred for dental management at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The patients were assigned to two groups: Group 1 - patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) and Group 2 - patients without bone mineral changes. The following salivary parameters were evaluated: calcium concentration, flow rate, viscosity, pH, and average total protein. An oral examination was performed for assessment of DMFT variables and tongue coating. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting a p-value < 0.05. The patients’ mean age was 60 years (± 7.35). Salivary flow, pH, and viscosity were similar among the groups. Average total protein was 14.8 mg/mL and 19.0 mg/mL in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Tongue coating and salivary calcium levels were significantly higher in Group 1 (p < 0.001). Salivary calcium is an important screening tool and may eventually be used for the diagnosis of bone mineral changes.

RESUMO Introdução: o objetivo do tratamento odontológico cirúrgico é deslocar os dentes para a posição correta na arcada dentária. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de aproveitamento de terceiro molar não irrompido. Histórico do caso: paciente do sexo masculino, com 18 anos de idade, foi encaminhado, pelo dentista responsável pelo caso, para avaliação dos terceiros molares. Ao exame clínico, os terceiros molares inferiores não eram visíveis. Com a tomografia computadorizada (TC), foi possível identificar a presença de um dente supranumerário na região do lado esquerdo do ramo da mandíbula, além de impacção do terceiro molar, causadora de reabsorção radicular no segundo molar, tornando impossível a permanência desse dente na cavidade bucal. Logo, optou-se pela remoção tanto do segundo molar quanto do dente supranumerário, além da instalação de um aparelho no terceiro molar, durante o procedimento cirúrgico, para posterior tracionamento. Resultados: após 12 meses, o terceiro molar alcançou a posição adequada. Conclusão: nos casos em que o segundo molar inferior permanente apresenta reabsorção radicular atípica, um terceiro molar impactado pode substituir o dente reabsorvido, de maneira eficaz, através de uma abordagem ortocirúrgica apropriada.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Treatments with dental surgery seek to displace tooth to the correct position within the dental arch. Objective: To report a clinical case that took advantage of an unerupted third molar. Case history: A male patient, 18 years of age, was referred by his dentist to evaluate the third molars. The clinical exam revealed no visible lower third molars. The computed tomography (CT) exam showed the presence of a supernumerary tooth in the region of the mandibular ramus, on the left side, and impaction of the third molar, which was causing root resorption on the second molar, thus making it impossible to remain in the buccal cavity. The preferred option, therefore, was to remove both second molar and the supernumerary tooth, in addition to attaching a device to the third molar during surgery for further traction. Results: After 12 months, the third molar reached the proper position. Conclusion: When a mandibular second permanent molar shows an atypical root resorption, an impacted third molar can effectively substitute the tooth by using an appropriate orthodontic-surgical approach.

Jatropha curcas L. is an oil crop that has been studied as a potential source of biodiesel. A high protein pie is produced as a byproduct of the biodiesel production, which could be used as animal feed. However, the pie has toxic compounds, as phorbol esters and other toxins, which prevents the use as animal feed. For this reason, Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) has been working in genetic breeding to develop non-toxic J. curcas genotypes. To evaluate this process, a simple and fast analytical technique was employed to obtain responses in a short time. Leaf spray (LS) is a recent ambient ionization mass spectrometry technique in which the sample itself serves as support and ion source. Here, toxic and non-toxic J. curcas leaves were differentiated by LS using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model chemometrics. It was possible to differentiate toxic and non-toxic leaves and to identify the m/z values that contribute to discrimination between the groups.

Objective: To determine health community agents’ opinions on access and care delivery to individuals with sickle cell anemia. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted among 14 health community agents from a municipality with a high prevalence of sickle cell disease. Data were submitted to analysis of thematic content. Results: Access to the basic health unit of individuals with sickle cell disease occurred only in situations of acute episodes. We observed a barrier between patients and basic health units. Care for patients with sickle cell disease was not prioritized for those with alert signs, nor was there specific follow-up in child rearing, vaccines, or medicines. Home visits were conducted without a systematic plan. Conclusion: According to the perspective of health community agents, the care of individuals with sickle cell disease was inadequate and individuals’ access to care was limited.

Objetivo: Conhecer a opinião dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre o acesso e a assistência à pessoa com anemia falciforme. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de grupo focal, com 14 agentes comunitários de saúde em município de elevada prevalência da doença. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: O acesso da pessoa com doença falciforme à unidade de saúde ocorre apenas em situações de episódios agudos. Verificou-se a existência de barreira entre a pessoa doente e a unidade de saúde. Na assistência não há priorização do atendimento em casos de sinais de alerta, não há seguimento específico de puericultura, as vacinas especiais e a medicação não são acompanhadas, as visitas domiciliares são assistemáticas. Conclusão: Na perspectiva dos agentes comunitários de saúde a situação da assistência à pessoa com anemia falciforme se mostrou precária e o acesso limitado.

Objetivo: Conhecer a opinião dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre o acesso e a assistência à pessoa com anemia falciforme. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de grupo focal, com 14 agentes comunitários de saúde em município de elevada prevalência da doença. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: O acesso da pessoa com doença falciforme à unidade de saúde ocorre apenas em situações de episódios agudos. Verificou-se a existência de barreira entre a pessoa doente e a unidade de saúde. Na assistência não há priorização do atendimento em casos de sinais de alerta, não há seguimento específico de puericultura, as vacinas especiais e a medicação não são acompanhadas, as visitas domiciliares são assistemáticas. Conclusão: Na perspectiva dos agentes comunitários de saúde a situação da assistência à pessoa com anemia falciforme se mostrou precária e o acesso limitado.

Objective: To determine health community agents’ opinions on access and care delivery to individuals with sickle cell anemia. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted among 14 health community agents from a municipality with a high prevalence of sickle cell disease. Data were submitted to analysis of thematic content. Results: Access to the basic health unit of individuals with sickle cell disease occurred only in situations of acute episodes. We observed a barrier between patients and basic health units. Care for patients with sickle cell disease was not prioritized for those with alert signs, nor was there specific follow-up in child rearing, vaccines, or medicines. Home visits were conducted without a systematic plan. Conclusion: According to the perspective of health community agents, the care of individuals with sickle cell disease was inadequate and individuals’ access to care was limited.

Neste trabalho, os objetivos foram avaliar a transmissibilidade de C. gloeosporioides mancha manteigosa (MM) em sementes e estudar o efeito do tratamento por fungicidas no controle do referido patógeno. Colheram-se frutos cerejas em plantas doentes e sadias, procedeu-se o despolpamento manual secando as sementes à sombra, retirou-se o endocarpo e, em seguida, realizaram-se os devidos tratamentos (fungicida) semeando-as em areia esterilizada. Avaliaram-se os sintomas de necrose e morte das plântulas e a incidência de C. gloeosporioides, por meio do teste de incubação em substrato de papel (blotter test), em sementes de cafeeiro tratadas e não tratadas com mistura comercial de benzimidazol+dimetilditiocarbamato (dose i.a. de 45 g+105 g/100 kg sementes). Com o desenvolvimento das plântulas, observaram-se em sementes de plantas com MM , altos índices de morte de plântulas, tendo apenas 5,2% de sobrevivência, porém, com a abertura dos primeiros folíolos observaram-se, nestas plântulas, sintomas típicos da doença, com posterior morte das mesmas, enquanto que, a partir de sementes sadias, as plântulas apresentam-se vigorosas e em pleno crescimento. Já, com o uso do tratamento fungicida, observou-se efeito significativo, principalmente em sementes de plantas doentes (MM), nas quais verificou-se uma menor área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença e, consequentemente, menor incidência e severidade da doença. Pelo bloter test, em sementes tratadas, não houve crescimento de nenhum agente fúngico tanto para sementes de plantas com MM como para sementes de plantas sadias. Em sementes não tratadas, observou-se incidência de C. gloeosporioides em 29,8% nas sementes de plantas com MM e 1,2% de incidência em sementes de plantas sadias. Com base nestes resultados, fica evidenciado que neste patossistema, mancha manteigosa - cafeeiro, a principal via de transmissão de C. gloeosporioides é a semente.

The objectives in this study were: (i) the assessment of the transmission of blister spot(C. gloeosporioides) from seed to plant, and (ii) an observation study on the effect of seed treatment with fungicides used in the control of that disease. Natural transmission of the fungus was studied in seeds collected from both healthy and diseased 'Catucaí' coffee trees. The endocarp of the seeds was removed, and the seeds were sowed in sterilized sand substrate. The symptoms and the death process of hypocotyls were evaluated. Additionally, the incidence of blister spot (C. gloeosporioides) was assessed through blotter test in both fungicide treated and untreated seeds. A large number of hypocotyl deaths in seeds obtained from blister spot trees were observed, whereas seeds collected from healthy trees produced healthy seedlings. A total of 5.2% of the seedlings from blister spot trees were apparently healthy. But after the completion of the development of the first pair of leaves, blister spot symptoms were observed. When treated with fungicides (benzimidazol + dimethyldithiocarbamate), seeds from blister spot and healthy trees were free of fungi. Seeds collected from blister spot trees presented an incidence of 29.8% C. gloeosporioides , whereas seeds collected from healthy trees had an incidence of 1.2%. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it was clear that seeds were the principle means of transmission of blister spot in coffee.